u6110169

Notes:

◎Final exam 

(1)Multiple choice

(2)ID: famous

(3)Term: What's that? What to do that? For example?

ex: Catharsis→pure or clean(淨化作用)

(4)Essay: p.502,Agamemnon

1.Jason:

Argonauts(阿果號船員)→ to find the Golden Fleece. (羊毛)

Argo(船名)

2. Peleus: 菜市場名

Centaur:半人半馬

3.Medea：有魔法的女人，現代女性復仇劇，外籍新娘的悲歌，與Jason私奔。

 之後Jason與隔壁國王之女在一起。 她先殺死自己的小孩，後殺死隔壁國王女兒。

 is a woman in Greek mythology. She was the daughter ofKing Aeëtes of Colchis,^[1] niece of Circe, granddaughter of the sun god Helios, and later wife to the hero Jason, with whom she had two children: Mermeros and Pheres. In Euripides's play Medea, Jason leaves Medea when Creon, king of Corinth, offers him his daughter, Glauce.^[2] The play tells of how Medea gets her revenge on her husband for this betrayal.

The myths involving Jason have been interpreted by specialists^[3] as part of a class of myths that tell how the Hellenes of the distant heroic age, before the Trojan War, faced the challenges of the pre-Greek "Pelasgian" cultures of mainland Greece, the Aegean and Anatolia. Jason, Perseus, Theseus, and above all Heracles, are all "liminal" figures, poised on the threshold between the old world of shamans, chthonic earth deities, and the new Bronze Age Greek ways.^[4]

Medea figures in the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, a myth known best from a late literary version worked up byApollonius of Rhodes in the 3rd century B.C. and called the Argonautica. But for all its self-consciousness and researched archaic vocabulary, the late epic was based on very old, scattered materials.

Medea is known in most stories as an enchantress and is often depicted as being a priestess of the goddess Hecateor a witch. The myth of Jason and Medea is very old, originally written around the time Hesiod wrote the Theogony. It was known to the composer of the Little Iliad, part of the Epic Cycle.

*Pelias: the king.→被Medea割喉而死

*without in textbook: deus ex machina (god out of the machine)

*p.690-695 灑狗血劇： 奶媽、傭人替她覺淂不值得

*The end: The Sun god 用馬車將Medea帶走

◎莎莎說： 男人愛不愛妳，只在一念之間。 抓住男人的方法，每個男人都不ㄧ樣。

4.Monologue: 獨白 (ex: The Hamlet-- to be or not to be, this is the question.)

Soliloquy: 自己對自己講話

5.Dramatic irony: 戲劇反諷

such as in Oedipus the king.

Tragic irony is a special category of dramatic irony. In tragic irony, the words and actions of the characters contradict the real situation, which the spectators fully realize.

Ancient Greek drama was especially characterized by tragic irony because the audiences were so familiar with the legends that most of the plays dramatized.Sophocles' Oedipus the King provides a classic example of tragic irony at its fullest.

Linda Hutcheon suggests that irony threatens authoritative models of discourse, by removing the semantic security of the one signifier - one signified equivalency.^[6]

Irony has some of its foundation in the onlooker’s perception of paradox that arises from insoluble problems. For example, in the William Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo finds Juliet in a drugged death-like sleep, he assumes her to be dead and kills himself. Upon awakening to find her dead lover beside her, Juliet stabs herself with a dagger.

 6.Hamartia: 悲劇缺陷

is a term developed by Aristotle in his work Poetics. The term can simply be seen as a character’s flaw or error. In Greekdramaturgy, hamartia is the tragic flaw of the protagonist in a given tragedy. The word hamartia is rooted in the notion of missing the mark (hamartanein) and covers a broad spectrum that includes accident and mistake, as well as wrongdoing, error, or sin. In Nicomachean Ethics, hamartia is described by Aristotle as one of the three kinds of injuries that a person can commit against another person. Hamartia is an injury committed in ignorance (when the person affected or the results are not what the agent supposed they were).

*tragic flaw(缺陷) → accident and mistake, 導致自己滅亡

7. p.692 he is shame with you→不把你介紹給家人、朋友

8. keep your friend close but your enemies closer. →接近敵人更能夠掌控

9. song: 〈The end of the world〉 世界末日

Why does the sun go on shining?
太陽為何依然照耀
Why does the sea rush to shore?
海浪為何拍打著岩岸
Don’t they know it’s the end of the world
難道它們不知道這是世界末日
Cause you don’t love me anymore?
因為你不再愛我了

Why do the birds go on singing?
鳥兒為何依然歌唱
Why do the starts glow above?
星星為何在天上閃耀
Don’t they know it’s the end of the world
難道它們不知道這是世界末日
It ended when I lost your love
當我失去了你的愛

I wake up in the morning and I wonder Why ev’rything is the same as it was
當我清晨醒來 　納悶著為何一切如常
I can’t understand, no, I can’t understand How life goes on the way it does!
我無法了解，我真的無法了解 　生命怎會像往常一樣運行

Why does my heart go on beating?
我的心為何仍在跳動
Why do these eyes of mine cry?
我的雙眼為何在流淚
Don’t they know it’s the end of the world?
難道它們不知道這是世界末日
It ended when you said goodbye
當你說再見的時候

(from: http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/aeiou109/post/1271805402)

10. poetics: 悲劇缺陷，以人物為輔，情結為主

11. Chorus: 希臘戲劇因他而起

is an homogenous, non-individualised group of performers in the plays of classical Greece, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action. It numbers twelve or fifteen members in tragedies and twenty-four members in comedies, and performs using several techniques, including singing, dancing, narrating, and acting. In Aeschylus' Agamemnon, the chorus comprises the elderly men of Argos, whereas in Euripides' The Bacchae, they are a group of eastern bacchants, and in Sophocles' Electra, the chorus is made up of the women of Argos.

12. Electra complex : 戀父情結的故事(為了父親而殺了母親)

→相對於 Oedipus complex

brother Orestes

13. object: 

(1)psychoanalytic theory

(2)female's psychosexual

(3)a sexual attachment  to her father

*something is V. + O. →包裝句子